Exacerbation of Autoimmune Thyroiditis by CTLA-4 Blockade: A Role for IFNγ-Induced Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase

IDO 2 ( indoleamine 2 , 3 - dioxygenase 2 )

Targeted engagement of CTLA-4 prevents autoimmune thyroiditis.

The CTLA-4-mediated signal is a critical step in the down-modulation of immune responses. The therapeutic potential of this signal to induce tissue-specific tolerance was investigated by using an anti-CTLA-4 antibody that was coupled to an antibody specific for the thyrotropin receptor. After in vivo administration, this bispecific antibody (BiAb) accumulated in the thyroid and prevented develo...

Central Role of IFNγ–Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Axis in Regulation of Interleukin-12–Mediated Antitumor Immunity

Authors' A School of Buffalo, Ne Note: Supp Online (http Correspon and Immun at Buffalo, 716-829-60

Autoimmune hypophysitis: expanding the differential diagnosis to CTLA-4 blockade

www.expert-reviews.com ISSN 1744-6651 © 2009 Expert Reviews Ltd 10.1586/EEM.09.37 General features of autoimmune hypophysitis Autoimmune (lymphocytic) hypophysitis (AH), is a chronic inflammation of the pituitary gland caused or accompanied by pituitary autoimmunity [1,2]. It can be classified etiologically into two groups: primary and secondary hypophysitis. Primary hypophysitis is, by definit...

Regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophanyl-tRNA-synthetase by CTLA-4-Fc in human CD4+ T cells.

Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophanyl-tRNA-synthetase (TTS) are interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-inducible enzymes that are responsible for tryptophan degradation and for its use in protein synthesis, respectively. IFN-gamma-induced IDO has immunomodulatory properties in murine and human models. A concomitant increase of TTS has been postulated to protect the IDO-expressing cells from ...